Individualized Education Plan Goals for Place Value

Learning place value is critical for expanding mathematical understanding past single-digit addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division—even for students who are on an individual education plan, or  IEP. Understanding ones, tens, hundreds, thousands as well as tenths, hundredths, etc.—also referred to as the  base 10  system—will help IEP students manipulate and use large numbers. Base 10 is also the foundation of the U.S. monetary system, and the metric measurement system. Read on to find examples of IEP goals for place value that align to the  Common Core State Standards. The Common Core State Standards Before you can write IEP goals for place value/the base-10 system, its important to understand what the Common Core State Standards require for this skill. The standards, developed by a federal panel and adopted by 42 states, require that students—whether they are on an IEP or mainstream students in the general education population—must: Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones. (They must also be able to): Count within 1,000; skip-count by 5s, 10s, and 100s.Read and write numbers to 1,000 using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. IEP Goals for the Place Value Regardless of whether your student is eight or 18, she stills  need to master these skills. The following IEP goals would be considered appropriate for that purpose. Feel free to use these suggested goals as you write your IEP. Note that you would replace Johnny Student with the name of your student. When given a two-digit number, Johnny Student will model the number using place value rods and blocks, with 90 percent accuracy in four out of five trials administered over a one-week period as measured by teacher-charted data and work samples.When presented with three-digit numbers, Johnny Student will correctly identify the digit in the ones, tens, and hundreds places with 90 percent accuracy in four out of five trials administered over a one-week period as measured by teacher-charted data and work samples. Specific and Measurable Remember that to be legally acceptable,  IEP goals must be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-limited. In the previous examples, the teacher would track the students progress, over a one-week period, and document progress via data and work samples demonstrating the student can perform the skill with 90-percent accuracy. You can also write place-value goals in a way that measures the number of correct student responses, rather the percentage of accuracy, such as: In a classroom setting, when given a missing numbers chart with numbers up to 100, Johnny Student will write nine out of 10 correct numbers in three out of four consecutive trials over a one-month period as measured by teacher and staff observation as well as work samples.When presented with a three-digit number between 100 and 1,000, Johnny Student will count up by 10s in nine out of 10 trials over a one-month period as measured by teacher and staff observation as well as work samples. By writing the goals in this manner, you can track student progress through simple worksheets that allow the student to count by 10s. This makes  tracking student progress  in using the base-10 system much easier.

The Term Organizational Culture Essay - 2100 Words

Introduction A look at simply a couple of works that utilization the term organizational culture will uncover huge variety in the meaning of this term and much all the more in the utilization of the term society has no altered or extensively importance even in human sciences, however variety in its utilization is particularly discernible in the writing on hierarchical society. This is mostly identified with solid contrast in the reason and profundity of books and articles. Be that as it may, likewise the wide variety of logical teaches and exploration introduction included in organizational culture studies makes the field extremely heterogeneous. The idea of society appears to fit altogether different uses as aggregately imparted manifestations of, for instance, thoughts and insight, as images and meanings, as qualities and belief systems, as guidelines and standards, as feelings and expressiveness, as the aggregate unconscious, as conduct examples, structures and practices, and so forth, all of which may be made focuses of study. Obviously, culture is not special thusly. Really, most if not all noteworthy idea in association studies and sociology has a tendency to be joined by an assortment of diverse implications and definition. (Alvesson,2013,P.1) â€Å"Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one humanShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture Within A Hospital Setting1693 Words   |  7 Pages There is a tremendous amount of literature regarding Organizational Culture as it relates to corporate business. 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In What Ways Are the Arts a Means of Expressing Knowledge Essay Example For Students

In What Ways Are the Arts a Means of Expressing Knowledge? Essay Art can also be a limitation to gaining knowledge because it only expresses a thought or emotion that is stuck in the moment and it also gives the artist the freedom to distort reality in whatever way they wish. Other than Art as a mean Of expressing knowledge, Art can also be used as a way to communicate. By using traditional language, we can use Art to convey our feelings, emotions, and Other messages. For example, art is used in literature such as the books The Kite Runner and Grapes of Wrath, by using art as a way to monomaniac in these novels because it gives a reader the freedom to imagine scenarios. On the other hand, Art as a form of communication that allow human beings to look at themes, emotions, and feelings from different perspectives; This allows them to be in touch with the depth of the human experience, this means that communication is a key aspect of understanding people around you and gaining knowledge through what people say. However there are some limitations to art being a form of communication because since art is so broad, different people tend to interpret art in different ways, which Gang cause conflict between different views. For example Lastly, Art is a form of education because it teaches about the psychology, morals, ethics, formality, and the history of human behavior. Art is known to be a moral provocation because it expresses ideas into things like music, paintings, and poetry. Take Holly wood as an example, it creates many movies that influence people everyday, what we watch influences out good and bad behavior and challenges us to question our assumptions by giving us different respective on scenarios. Most forms of art allow us to contemplate life, the way we see things, and think about different things. Another example of how art is a form Of education is through literature. People are allowed to put themselves into the shoes of the protagonist to experience the experiences they go through the novel, like What it is like to be in a concentration camp or What it is like to live during a time when women were given limited rights. In contrast to these points, some people argue that art should be judged purely on its aesthetics rather Han on its ethical merits because when an artist tries to convey moral codes through his art, it can be seen to the public as a negative or positive thing. Art is related to two other Asks, which include science and math. Math and Art have some sort of relation to each other. Not many people realize but math is in art because art contains symmetry and allows people to put things into perspective. For example artist like Ellsworth Kelly and Piety Mandarin used mathematics to construct their artwork. Art and science have Obvious differences, there are also very interesting similarities between them because hey both kick at patterns in the world to make sense Of it however science looks at patterns through mathematics and art looks for patterns in intuitive forms. An important difference between science and art is that science is usually discovered while works of arts are invented however some artist disagree to this statement because they believe that art is not invented but sometimes it is about discovering what is right in front of you. In what ways does language play a similar or different role in the human sciences and the natural sciences? Language is the method tot human communication that can be either spoken or written, it plays different roles in human sciences like sociology and demography and the natural sciences like biology and chemistry. .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 , .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .postImageUrl , .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 , .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2:hover , .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2:visited , .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2:active { border:0!important; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2:active , .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2 .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf76d3ccc3d6a53c9439e5340ea9bbda2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Sale Of Burmah Castrol To Bp Amoco Commerce EssayLanguage plays the role of making sense of what we see and reasoning in Natural Sciences. For example in biology, Calligraphy and taxonomic keys are visual representations that all need to be interpreted in order to gain knowledge out of them. (Language is also used in order to record visual representations of different organisms or cells) The role of language is also very important in objects like chemistry and physics because human constantly ask questions to find answers to what they are curious about. In order to find these answers Eve use reasoning, data collection, and asking questions. By asking more questions, the more our knowledge on the human sciences develops and the more we can make connections between different aspects off certain science. Math is a language that us Widely used in the natural sciences because it allows us to interpret data, gain knowledge from experiments, and draw conclusions from the data observed. However, Math can sometimes cause error to certain aspects of auteur sciences, which might affect knowledge of scientist. Basically, language in science plays a passive role where information is conveyed between people. Without language scientist would not have been able to obtain certain theories that are used today which would have not started the basis of science. There would also be no progress in science because without language it is impossible to understand and gain knowledge, In conclusion the natural sciences cannot depend on the inductive way or learning because the deductive way of learning is equally as important.

My Favorite Rapper free essay sample

Kevin Gates is a rapper from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was born February 5, 1986 in Baton Rouge and grew up watching his grandparents and mother play music. He began rapping in the seventh grade and that is when everyone started noticing his talent. Kevin Gates was not only known growing up for his ability to rhyme, but also for his academic Intelligence. He is one of the few rappers with a college education.Growing up, he was a good kid until his grandfather, his only father figure, died when he was In the 8th grade. He took to the streets and began running with the wrong crowd, trying to cope with his emotions In all the wrong ways. He was In and out of juvenile detention and that is when his grandmother and mother decided to direct his focus toward music. They set up a studio in his grandmothers basement and that is where is all began. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Rapper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He eventually put out several mistakes that were well achieved, but was once again set back in 2009 when he was sent to prison for three years for his wayward behavior from earlier in his life. He focused on his music while in prison and came out stronger than ever. His music is real because he claims that everything he raps about, he did and lived. He caught the attention of Ill Wayne, who flew him to Miami to lay a few tracks with him. Since then, he has been on his way to the top and people Just cant get enough. My favorite Kevin gates song Is hero.The years say It all A coward dies a thousand times, a soldier dies nun.. .. Almost dies serf. I Like this song because It speaks too persons character. If It was up to me, Id rather die a hero .. These lyrics speak to what Kevin still stands for today. Even with his stardom and fame, he still finds time to go to schools and other organizations involved with youth to promote the importance of making the right choices. These are some of the reasons why Kevin Gates is my favorite artist, song writer, and rapper. My Favorite Rapper free essay sample Kevin Gates is a rapper from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was born February 5, 1986 in Baton Rouge and grew up watching his grandparents and mother play music. He began rapping in the seventh grade and that is when everyone started noticing his talent. Kevin Gates was not only known growing up for his ability to rhyme, but also for his academic intelligence. He is one of the few rappers with a college education. Growing up, he was a good kid until his grandfather, his only father figure, died when he was in the 8th grade. He took to the streets and began running with the wrong crowd, trying to cope with his emotions in all the wrong ways. He was in and out of juvenile detention and that is when his grandmother and mother decided to direct his focus toward music. They set up a studio in his grandmother’s basement and that is where is all began. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Rapper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He eventually put out several mixtapes that were well received, but was once again set back in 2009 when he was sent to prison for three years for his wayward behavior from earlier in his life. He focused on his music while in prison and came out stronger than ever. His music is real because he claims that everything he raps about, he did and lived. He caught the attention of Lil Wayne, who flew him to Miami to lay a few tracks with him. Since then, he has been on his way to the top and people just can’t get enough. My favorite Kevin gates song is hero. The lyrics say it all â€Å"A coward dies a thousand times, a soldier dies uno†¦. immortal dies zero†. I like this song because it speaks to a person’s character. â€Å"If it was up to me, I’d rather die a hero†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. these lyrics speak to what Kevin still stands for today. Even with his stardom and fame, he still finds time to go to schools and other organizations involved with youth to promote the importance of making the right choices. These are some of the reasons why Kevin Gates is my favorite artist, song writer, and rapper.

Star Appliances Essays - American Brands, Kenmore, Maytag

Star Appliances Mission Statement Company Objectives Company Overview 1. Historical Outline 2. Products and Services 3. Financial Statements SWOT Analysis ? An analysis of company's strengths ? An analysis of company's weaknesses ? An analysis of company's opportunities ? An analysis of company's threats Business Strategy Marketing Mix ? Product ? Pricing ? Place ? Promotion Analysis of Major Competitors in the Field ? Kenmore ? Whirlpool ? Kirby ? Maytag ? GE International Expansion 1. Hungary ? External Environment ? Industry Analysis ? Recommended Entry Mode 2. Japan ? External Environment ? Industry Analysis ? Expansion Strategy for the Future Five Years 4. Canada ? External Environment ? Expansion Strategy for the Future Five Years 5. Mexico ? External Environment ? Industry Analysis ? Expansion Strategy for the Future Five Years Growth Forecasts for Years 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Implementation The View Ahead Star Appliances Inc. Mission Statement Quality For over thirty years, Star Appliances Inc. has been helping people to manage their homes. Today, Star Appliances Inc. is one of the major competitors in the household industry and one of the most selling brand in America. Star Appliances Inc. Mission is to: ? Achieve technology excellence in current and future generations of products, processes, and services. ? Develop innovations by creating entirely new business opportunities. ? Help solve critical technical challenges. ? Attract and develop new technical leaders. ? Ensure leadership technology in all departments of Star Appliances. ? Drive corporate initiatives across Star Appliances. ? Expand its market by exploring a global economy Satisfaction All Star Appliances products contain proper warranty information. Each appliance comes with a pledge of Satisfaction Guaranteed or your money back. Star Appliances offers maintenance agreements and annual check-ups to keep your appliances running right. And should anything ever go wrong with your Star appliance (and we hope it never does), we offer a nationwide network of service technicians to make sure it gets fixed fast and fixed right. Value When you compare feature-for-feature, you'll find that Star Appliances offers more for the money than any other brand. Maybe that's why s leading consumer magazine recently ranked Star's washers, dryers, and vacuums NUMBER ONE in their respective categories. Have questions or need more information about new Star products? Call 1-888-1ST-STAR or speak to a Customer Service Representative For service information or to schedule a service, call 1-800-4MY-STAR. Star Appliances Inc. Company Objectives Integrity Integrity is an uncompromising characteristic for all Star Appliances employees. It is an implicit factor in customer relationships and the cornerstone of all Star Appliances business activities. Along with the company's reputation for innovation, growth and success, we value integrity among the essential and critical elements in our employees. It is the baseline by which we measure everything else and from which we never compromise. Creativity Star's continued success is the result of its employees' creativity. Every day, teams of Star Appliances people push the frontiers, developing new products and services to serve their customers. Focusing on highly specialized financial services segments, our people develop a unique understanding of customer requirements as they apply their collective talents to solving industry challenges. Intellect At Star, we've never separated ideas from actions?both are essential elements of the competitive equation. Developing the most advanced financial product or innovative service is meaningless if you don't move quickly to get it to market and delivered to customers. The people from Star understand the importance of both ideas and action to maintain the company's position as one of the leaders in the market. Quality as a corporate objective: Company-wide Quality, as a corporate objective, means attaining a level of overall performance and attitude that makes Star Appliances the natural choice of customers and earns the respect of all those affected by the Company's activities. Company-wide Quality, as an individual objective, is achieved by employees who aspire to be better than the best. Star Appliances is committed to providing flexibility in the design, calibration, repair, and testing services to customers while maintaining a consistent, optimum level of quality. The services we offer include standard service packages as well as customized service capabilities to accommodate unique customer requirements. Our business-wide commitment to meet the needs of customers is the foundation for the Quality System. Star Appliances is dedicated to maintaining close relationships with our suppliers. The overall objective is to make certain that we exceed our customer's expectations. Company Profile q Historical Outline Star Appliances Inc. designs, manufactures, sells and supports a line of household appliances. The company was started in 1970 and has grown steadily to its current size. Star Appliances has its head

Fun with Chemistry - Honeycomb Candy Recipe

Fun with Chemistry - Honeycomb Candy Recipe Honeycomb candy is an easy-to-make candy that has an interesting texture caused by carbon dioxide bubbles getting trapped within the candy. The carbon dioxide is produced when baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is added to hot syrup. It is the same process used to make some baked goods rise, except here the bubbles are trapped to form a crisp candy. The holes in the candy make it light and give it a honeycomb appearance. Honeycomb Candy Ingredients 3/4 cup sugar2 tablespoons honey2 tablespoons water1-1/2 teaspoons baking soda Honeycomb Candy Instructions Grease a cookie sheet. You can use oil, butter, or non-stick cooking spray.Add the sugar, honey, and water to a saucepan. You can stir the mixture, but it isnt necessary.Cook the ingredients over high heat, without stirring, until the mixture reaches 300Â °F. The sugar will melt, small bubbles will form, the bubbles will become larger, then the sugar will start to carmelize to an amber color.When the temperature reaches 300Â °F, remove the pan from heat and whisk the baking soda into the hot syrup. This will cause the syrup to foam up.Stir just enough to mix the ingredients, then dump the mixture onto the greased baking sheet. Dont spread out the candy, as this would pop your bubbles.Allow the candy to cool, then break or cut it into pieces.Store the honeycomb candy in an airtight container.

Analysis of the Article About The Students Writing Abilities Research Paper

Analysis of the Article About The Students Writing Abilities - Research Paper Example The research paper "Analysis of the Article About The Students Writing Abilities" presents the quantitative Heather Campbell's article review regarding the testing of the students writing abilities. Heather has conducted a study, on the Technical Adequacy of Curriculum-Based Measurement Passage Copying With Secondary School English Language Learners. From the literature review, it reveals that passage copying measures can be used to test the student writing abilities. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and also the reliability of a passage copying measures that could be used to assess writing proficiency among secondary school English language learners. The target population was a midwestern urban high school that has an enrollment of 1,276 students in Grades 9 through 12. The whole population was from culturally or linguistically diverse backgrounds. The study participants were 57 students in 3 high school English as second language classes taught by the same teacher. The study participants copied four passages in total, two constructed, and two curricula based. This design adapted from a larger study constructed to examine the validity and reliability of writing measures for English-fluent students. The constructed passages consisted of basic instructions. Passages constructed at a 4.3-grade level. On the other hand, curriculum based passages consisted of complex sentences with Flesch-Kincaid readability levels ranging from a 5.8 to 6.0-grade level.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Body Dysmorphic Disorder - Research Paper Example Symptoms of BDD: A person suffering from BDD feels negative about his/her skin, nose and hair. He/she pays more than necessary attention to the scarring, acne, marks, wrinkles, excessive or scanty hair, and the shape and size of the nose. The symptoms are evident in the patient’s over-consciousness. Apparently the patient seems quite normal. It is his/her worries regarding the skin, nose and hair that make him/her a patient. The patient feels stress about the assumed flaw and he/she pays a lot of attention towards it. The patient frequently checks his/her appearance in the mirror to pick out imperfections and to compare with others. The patient is very interested in knowing people’s opinion about his/her looks and cosmetic surgery is an obvious choice to fix the imperfections notified or noticed. In a vast majority of cases, patients of BDD feel worse after the surgery. If they seldom are, they tend to look out for new defects in the body. A patient of BDD may treat the surgeon violently for ruining his/her appearance. Treatment of BDD: Medicines commonly prescribed are antidepressants and Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (Medicinenet.com, 2011).

There is no need for animal research anymore Essay

There is no need for animal research anymore - Essay Example (Carl, n.d) All this is being done in the name of science, medical research, cosmetics, tobacco and other various forms of consumer products. Why aren’t these tests being so widely condemned? How is this not cruel and unjust? Somehow one species tends to overlook the rights of others when there is benefit. But is it all worth it? Is it even valid? Do we even need animal experimentation in today’s world of advanced scientific simulation and other techniques? According to studies, the annual number of animals used in laboratory tests, reaches an estimated 100 million. These tests are performed on a wide range of animals that include rats, mice, rabbits, apes, monkeys but also domestic cats and dogs (Carl, n.d). An estimated 1600 chimpanzees are housed in U.S research facilities. Almost 23 million rats and mice were subjected to â€Å"experimentation† in the year 1998. These figures come from National Association for Biomedical Research. PETA, on the other hand, says that the figures go higher. Rodents and mice were not even included in the 1996 Animal Welfare act, eventhough 90 percent of the testing is done on them. It wan’t until end of 2000 that they were included in these statistics. Many justify animal testing by crediting it for major medical breakthroughs, including penicillin, chemotherapy for childhood leukemia, hip replacement, insulin, the polio vaccine and heart bypass surgeries. (Fast Facts: animal testing) The most common justification about animal experimentation is that it is a necessary process for the development of medicines, vaccines and cures for human illnesses. Those in favor of animal testing justify the act by asking, what will happen to the research on finding cures diseases such as AIDS, cancer and other heart diseases, if animals aren’t used for medical experimentation? Is animal testing so important, that the research on these diseases will not

Defences Against Pathogenic Organisms

Defences Against Pathogenic Organisms Bacteria Defined in the dictionary as ‘a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. Which can then be divided into different categories, bacterium, virus, fungus and finally protozoa. Bacteria can be in the form of many sizes and can cause such things as cholera and typhoid fever. The virus type of pathogens are much smaller than bacteria and have a ‘fragment of genetic material inside a protective protein coat’. They are also especially common of causing influenza. Fungi can look like mould and can cause such things like athlete’s foot. Protozoa can come in the form of contaminated food and some are parasites. They are organisms that live in or on, certain things. A very serious example of this type, is malaria. Features Virus Bacteria Fungus Protozoa Nutrition Do not have or need nutrition and do not eat anything Mostly are heterotrophic, which means they live from and off other organisms. Also ‘At an elementary level, the nutritional requirements of a bacterium such as E. coli are revealed by the cells elemental composition’. Absorbs nutrients like carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, xylose, sucrose) and also starches, cellulose, hemicelluloses and proteins. Require organic materials ‘which may be particulate or in solution’. They are holozoic. Reproduction Rely on host cells for the ‘machinery needed to survive and reproduce.’ Once finding a host, it then looks for host cells to take over and ‘slowly implants its genetic makeup into the cell.’ Reproduce by the process binary fission. Where the cells split into and divides into 2 identical daughter cells and ‘When conditions are favourable such as the right temperature and nutrients are available, some bacteria like Escherichia coli can divide every 20 minutes’. Environmental conditions can influence how this happens and usually sexual or asexual reproduction are the main methods. Some yeasts and funguses thrive in warm environments, and can multiply at an extremely fast pace. Also may be a sexual, and also reproduction by binary fission is very common here. Structure Their structure consists of a strand of nucleic acid, which is either DNA or RNA. Then it has something called a ‘capsid’ which is a protective protein coat. Bacteria have a cell wall with no nucleus and have two types of DNA- plasmid and chromosomal. Some are unicellular but most are multicellular which have cell walls and they are made of chitin. Single celled organisms that have a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and vacuole. Sources used Bbc bitesize . (2015). Whats in a cell?. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/cells/cells1.shtml. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Chris Sherwood . (2015). How Do Viruses Reproduce?. Available: http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4567511_viruses-reproduce.html. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Constantine John Alexopoulos . (2015). Fungus . Available: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/222357/fungus/57967/Nutrition. Last accessed 17th march 2015. G gingham. (2014). Bacteria. Available: http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria. Last accessed 17th march 2015 Kenneth Todar. (2014). Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria. Available: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/nutgro.html. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Robert G Yaeger . (2015). Protozoa . Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8325/. Last accessed 17th march 2015. How does the body defend itself against pathogens which cause infectious disease? Pathogens can enter the body by ‘route of transmission’. People can pick up a pathogen by person to person contact with touch, saliva and contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Pathogens can also be transmitted through foods, water, insects and fomites. Food can be contaminated by unclean hands, unclean utensils, and is cross contaminated. Water can be contaminated by human or animal faeces which spreads the infection when drank, and insects can also carry a pathogen for example malaria. Lastly fomites are actually non-living but can spread pathogens by way of bedding, toys and wire for example. A common one is also athlete’s foot. Airborne pathogens enter through the nose and mouth of the body as you breathe, and food pathogens enter through your mouth and then into the digestive system. Also they can also enter into the blood stream through ‘vectors’ which is transmitted by mosquitos, fleas, ticks and contaminated needles. Breaks in the skin are also ways of entering. From the outside of the body the physical defences and barriers we have to help us are the skin which is a physical barrier, clotting which if skin is broken the blood clots to stop any entering, sebaceous and sweet glands that produce chemicals that kill bacteria, lysozyme which is in saliva and tears that kills bacteria, mucous membranes which secretes mucous and traps pathogens, nasal hairs that remove the organisms from the air, cilia force mucus to the pharynx for swallowing, hydrochloric acid kills microorganisms, and the vagina produces lactic acid which stops growth of pathogens and has a low ph and mucous membranes that kill bacteria. If the physical barriers cannot defend against pathogens, then a ‘second defence line’ takes over which is a general defence system. Phagocytes that are white blood cells engulf pathogens and macrophages which are a longer living phagocytes help digest the bacteria and protect the body. Substances that are produced by other proteins called complement defence proteins can help fight pathogens, and are produced in response to knowing the presence of foreign materials in the body and ‘burst or engulf the pathogen.’ Also interferons are proteins that help prevent spread of the virus, and inflammation are infected cells that produce a chemical histamine, and help more white blood cells get to the area to help fight infection. Antibodies play a special part to fight pathogens as they are ‘lymphocytes that produce antibodies as a result of antigens.’ These are proteins in the group called immunoglobulins. Each antigen will only stimulate the production of one specific antibody that will fit into its receptor area. This is called natural active induced immunity. It is protection gained against a particular pathogen by the production of specific antibodies after the antigen on the pathogen has been detected.’ Pathogens are prevented from entering a host cell by antibodies binding to the antigens which are on the surface of the pathogen, and pathogens can be burst by antibodies activating the complement system. -see diagram here T and B cells are lymphocytes, while t cells mature in the thymus gland and b cells mature in the bone marrow. The point of t cells, is that they are defenders that are activated in the thymus gland and do not actually produce antibodies but do help to protect in other ways. They have helper t cells which recognise antigens especially macrophages that multiply and enlarge and form helper t cells that produce chemicals (interferon) that then stimulate the forming of b cells. Then they stimulate the reproduction of killer t cells. Killer t cells produce and destroy abnormal body cells and release a protein named perforin which form pores in the membranes of the cells they attack and ‘Water and ions from the surroundings flow into the cells and burst them. This is called lysis.’ Suppressor t cells inhibit working after the pathogen is destroyed, and memory t cells survive for a long time and stimulate memory b cells to produce antibodies. B cells work in the lymphatic syste m ‘especially the spleen and lymph nodes’ and work on just one specific antigen and comes into contact with an antigen to then reproduce at a rapid pace which are plasma cells. They are very efficient and effective, but do only last a few days. Most b cells die within a few days like said before, but some do stay alive which are referred to as memory b cells and ‘When the same antigen becomes present in the organism these memory B-cells are already there to begin the production of plasma cells and antibodies.’ Which is secondary B cell response. These are more powerful because they are produced faster, more are produced, and they are produced to a smaller amount of antigen. The primary response of the immune system to infection is on the first time it is encountered and ‘Depending on the nature of the antigen and the site of entry this response can take up to 14 days to resolve and leads to the generation of memory cells with a high specificity for the inducing antigen.’ As soon as a foreign antigen is exposed, an even though no antibodies are produced activated b cells differentiate to plasma cells. Secondary response is the response to the antigen where there is a large production of amounts of antibodies. Memory cells help generate what type of antibodies to produce during an immune response. It is like a B cell that keeps a memory of the older lymphocyte that was generated when there was an immune response for a specific antigen. They act as guardians waiting for the return of the same antigen so they can recruit the immune system and mount an attack sooner and more aggressively. Sources used for this TAQ *Alexander A Ademokun. (2015). Immune Responses: Primary and Secondary. Available: http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000947.html. Last accessed 17th march 2015. *bbc bitesize . (2015). Defending against infection. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/defendingagainstinfectionrev1.shtml. Last accessed 17th march 2015. *ico praver . (2015). Routes of Transmission. Available: http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body/routes-of-transmission . Last accessed 17th march 2015. * S Detea . (2015). secondary response . Available: http://thesciencedictionary.org/secondary-immune-response/. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Immunity Natural Acquired Similarities Resist a specific disease. ‘Inflammation.’ Resist a specific disease. Inflammation.’ Involve the action of antibodies in the body somehow Involve the action of antibodies in the body somehow Technically use white blood cells to try and fight pathogen/ infection Technically use white blood cells to try and fight pathogen/ infection Differences Natural is from birth, and get it from being born and is ‘genetic’. You acquire this immunity after exposure to a pathogen. Remains throughout your life Can be short lived or life long This immunity has barriers that prevent entry of foreign agents Consists of special t and b cells and also antibodies that are in body fluid Response is immediate Response can take a few days, and is not immediate Sources used *Christopher Hassell. (2014). Acquired Immunity. Available: http://greaterimmunity.com/Files/acquired_immunity.html. Last accessed 18th march 2015 *Garland science . (2015). The immune system in health and disease. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27090/. Last accessed 18th march 2015 References and bibliography Alexander A Ademokun. (2015). Immune Responses: Primary and Secondary. Available: http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000947.html. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Ananya Mandal. (2014). Cholera Transmission. Available: http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cholera-Transmission.aspx. Last accessed 16th march 2015. Arthur Schoenstadt. (2012). Malaria Transmission. Available: http://malaria.emedtv.com/malaria/malaria-transmission.html. Last accessed 16th march 2015. Bbc bitesize. (2015). Defending against infection. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/defendingagainstinfectionrev1.shtml. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Bbc bitesize. (2015). Whats in a cell?. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/cells/cells1.shtml. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Influenza. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm. Last accessed 16th march 2015. Eric J. Nelson, Jason B. Harris, J. Glenn Morris, Jr, Stephen B. Calderwood Andrew Camilli. (2014). Life cycle of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae.. Available: http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v7/n10/fig_tab/nrmicro2204_F2.html. Last accessed 16th march 2015. Christopher Hassell. (2014). Acquired Immunity. Available: http://greaterimmunity.com/Files/acquired_immunity.html. Last accessed 18th march 2015 Chris Sherwood. (2015). How Do Viruses Reproduce?. Available: http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4567511_viruses-reproduce.html. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Constantine John Alexopoulos. (2015). Fungus . Available: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/222357/fungus/57967/Nutrition. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Garland science. (2015). The immune system in health and disease. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27090/. Last accessed 18th march 2015 G gingham. (2014). Bacteria. Available: http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria. Last accessed 17th march 2015 Great Ormond. (2015). Infection prevention and control. Available: http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/parents-and-visitors/coming-to-hospital/infection-control-and-prevention/. Last accessed 18th march 2015. Ico praver. (2015). Routes of Transmission. Available: http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body/routes-of-transmission . Last accessed 17th march 2015. Kalyan Das. (2015). Influenza A life cycle.. Available: http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/v17/n5/fig_tab/nsmb.1779_F1.html. Last accessed 16th march 2015. Kenneth Todar. (2014). Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria. Available: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/nutgro.html. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Kristeen Cherney. (2014). What is Cross Infection?. Available: http://www.healthline.com/health/cross-infection#Overview1. Last accessed 18th march 2015. Lisa minu. (2014). Understanding Athletes Foot . Available: http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/understanding-athletes-foot-basics. Last accessed 16th march 2015. Public Health England. (2015). Infection control: New best practice guide will bolster fight against healthcare associated infections See more at: http://www.buildingbetterhealthcare.co.uk/news/article_page/Infection_control_New_. Available: http://www.buildingbetterhealthcare.co.uk/news/article_page/Infection_control_New_best_practice_guide_will_bolster_fight_against_healthcare_associated_infections/71006. Last accessed 18th march 2015 Robert G Yaeger. (2015). Protozoa . Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8325/. Last accessed 17th march 2015. S Detea . (2015). Secondary response . Available: http://thesciencedictionary.org/secondary-immune-response/. Last accessed 17th march 2015. Thomas Urbauer. (2014). What Is the Life Cycle of Tinea Pedis? . Available: http://www.ehow.com/about_6513541_life-cycle-tinea-pedis_.html. Last accessed 16th march 2015. Toni Rizzo. (2015). Hospital-Acquired Infections . Available: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Cross_infection.aspx. Last accessed 18th march 2015 WHO. (2015). 10 facts on cholera. Available: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/cholera/en/. Last accessed 16th march 2015.

Comparing two short stories -My brother?s keeper and Do angels wear E

Comparative analysis of two stories : "My brother’s keeper " " and Do angels wear brassieres?" The two short stories that I am comparing are " My brother’s keeper" by Geoffrey Philp and " Do angels wear brassieres?" by Olive Senior. "My brother’s keeper" talked about history ,race , identity, friendship, family, age, motherhood and sexuality and how they are defined around cultural and traditional positions. It is about a young man named Paul and his account of the changes he went through dealing with a step brother he did not even know existed until the very first day the boy showed up at their door . His step- brother’s name was David and he was coming from America where he was lived with his mother and father until their death. " Do angels wear brassieres?" is about little girl named Beccka’s quest for knowledge and what she had to go through as a teenager living with two females in one house .In this story I saw the relationships among family, friendship, motherhood,voice, tradition, ethnicity and how these fit into the identity of the individual in addition to their gender ,age and sexuality. Although " My brother’s keeper" and "Do angels wear brassieres?" were written by two different authors, they had a lot in common .Both of them were set in the island country of Jamaica and were about single families. From the beginning, the narrator in " My brother’s keep...

Classic Airlines and Marketing

Classic Airlines and Marketing MKT/571 – Marketing September 17, 2012 Classic Airlines and Marketing Classic Airlines, the fifth largest airline carrier, currently serves 240 cities with more than 2,300 daily flights. However, Classic Airlines has experienced over the past three years a decline in their frequent flier program Classic Rewards along with customer confidence declining as well and stock prices has decreased by 10% according to University of Phoenix, 2012. Marketing is assigned the task of revamping the customer loyalty program and increasing membership while operating under a 15% reduction in expenses across the company.The challenges that the marketing management is faced with include a downward turn of morale among the employees; retaining and recruiting of new members for Classic Rewards, and the lack of support from upper management. Marketing management is the process of â€Å"creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing custom er relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders† (Kotler & Keller, 2006, p. 6). Identifying Marketing ChallengesThe marketing management team has identified that the majority (60%) of its Reward membership are at the basic tier, 25% are on the Silver Rewards level, and only 15% are Gold Rewards members. Of these members 80% are business travelers with the remaining 20% leisure travelers. With this information, marketing instituted surveys to determine what the needs of the members are. The replies from the business traveler ranged from the dislike for connections and delays, the desire for quality service, and the idea that the frequent flier points are the result of the airline’s investment in the customer.Whereas, the leisure traveler is more interested in lower air fare and is more willing to have more connections if it will save the traveler money. Strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of Classic Airlines top thre e competitors—British Airlines, Northwest Airlines, and United Airlines—were completed by John Hartman, Senior Vice President of Human Resources. Based on the SWOT analysis, all three competitors have a strong and successful loyalty program. A common weakness between the three companies is the union at each airline.An opportunity recognized by the three companies is the customers’ needs are constantly changing and the airline industry is rebounding. Fuel and equipment along with competition are considered weaknesses by the three organizations. Gathering input from the Classic Rewards members was the responsibility of Renee Epson, Senior Vice President of Customer Service. Interviews of 500 Gold and Platinum Classic Rewards members revealed that advertising campaigns are failing in conveying an accurate and meaningful picture of the airline.In regard to the Classic reward program only 30% were either satisfied or very satisfied with the program and upgrades avail able. When asked if the members flew on other airlines, all categories excluding those who fly seven to 12 times a year responded that they flew other airlines more often than Classic Airlines. Only 8% have been Classic Rewards members for more than five years with the majority been members for one to three years. Strategic Planning The marketing management team has been performing strategic planning to implement a value chain.A value chain states Kotler and Keller, (2006), â€Å"identifies nine strategically relevant activities that create value and cost in a specific business† (p. 38). The team has identified opportunities, weaknesses, strengths, and threats for Classic Airlines’ competitors and through surveys and interviews for Classic Airlines. The identification of the concerns of the Rewards program members enables the marketing team to address these concerns and implement recommendations for improving the Classic Rewards program.This is part of the new offering realization program that enables Classic Airlines to develop and implement new high-quality products while remaining within the budget. Another part of the value chain is the identification of new markets to attract new customers. Classic Airlines needs to rebuild its customer relationship management process this in turn will improve relationships and understanding with both internal and external customers. ConclusionClassic Airlines marketing management is working on improving the organization’s rewards program while remaining within the budget that has a 15% decrease with the result of increasing the profits. A major challenge for the marketing management team is the lack of support from upper management. However, the team has begun the strategic planning of implementing a value chain method. The use of a SWOT analysis, surveys, and interviews of current customers has provided the team with an insight of the issues that must be addressed.Marketing is a process of deliverin g value to its customers while managing customers’ relationships and producing revenue and profit for the company and its stakeholders. References Kotler, P. , & Keller, K. (2006). Marketing Management (12th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (2012). Scenario: Classic Airlines. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MKT571-Marketing website

Managing Solid Wastes in the Philippines Essay Example

Managing Solid Wastes in the Philippines Essay Example Managing Solid Wastes in the Philippines Paper Managing Solid Wastes in the Philippines Paper Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. All waste materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of waste management Managing Solid Wastes in the Philippines Solid waste, over the past thirty years, has remained the most visible, and silently dangerous, environmental problem in the country. In September 1999, not one Filipino was left without a trauma out of the tragedy that befell Payatas in Quezon City. Hundreds died, buried alive underneath filth, as mountains of garbage collapsed due to heavy downpour. This is among the worst human-made disasters that have ever hit the Philippines, a disaster we should never allow to happen again. Dirty Living The countrys garbage problem has a lot to do with lifestyle. Every individual must be responsible for the wastes he generates. Considering that we are among the most populated in the world, with the amount of trash each of us produces, it is no surprise that our lands have become the largest dumpsite. Our streets are lined with garbage, our waters flooded, and our creeks clogged with trash, even our mountains are junk all these are reflections of the need to heed to the serious call for waste management it is time for each and every one of us to stop living dirty. And why? The indiscriminate throwing of garbage contaminates our waters, with clogged drains open for insect breeding which brings about diseases like cholera and dengue, targeting most especially, our children. Floods have become a common sight during rainy seasons. Backyard burning, or simply, burning of garbage, releases toxic air pollutants, which leads to respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer, even death. To be direct, dirty living equals death. Trash Course The National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), chaired by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), has identified three key trends in the local garbage situation: 1) increase in sheer volume of generated wastes; 2) change in the quality and make-up of waste generated; and 3) waste handling methods. Everyday, the country has a per capita waste generation of 0.3 to 0.7 kilograms of garbage. In 2003*, we have generated 27,397 tons of garbage daily, a step backwards compared to the 19,700 tons of garbage we have generated daily in 2000 (*based on the study conducted by the NSWMC-Secretariat and the Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project of the Asian Development Bank in 2003). That is tantamount to ten million tons of garbage generated in 2003. Of the ten million tons of generated garbage in 2003, 2.5 million came from Metro Manila. This is a strong evidence of the forecast which indicated that by 2010, in comparison to the 2000 data, waste generation shall have increased by 47%. Ways to Beat Wastes Lucky for us, the Philippine solid waste composition is generally highly-organic (biodegradable) and recyclable, with 50 percent of the wastes made up of yard, wood, and kitchen wastes. The high percentage of biodegradables is an indication of the great potential of composting as a means to recover this type of wastes, especially those coming from agricultural zones. Moreover, potentials for recycling are good considering that the remaining wastes are made up of recyclable materials. The DENR has always been steadfast in its commitment to reduce, and eventually, eradicate the amount of garbage in the country. Projects and programs on solid waste management are consistently being implemented by the Department, through the NSWMC, in coordination with the local government units, non-government organizations, international groups, and other government agencies. To date, the Commission has initiated the closure and rehabilitation of existing open dumpsites, the establishment of sanitary landfills in municipalities, the establishment of an ecological solid waste management system, the categorized compliance for disposal facilities, and the promotion and development of alternative technologies to process residual wastes. The DENR, along with the Department of Interior and Local Government and some civil society groups, has also conducted the Nationwide Search for Model Barangays for Eco-Waste Management System, to assist our local communities to comply with, and reward them on their compliance, to Republic Act No. 9003, or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. Waste Recovery Programs are also being instituted by the government. The DENR has forged an agreement with the Recyclean Foundation, Inc (RFI) on a waste paper recovery program. The NSWMC, Tire Importers and Traders Association of the Philippines, Tire Manufacturers of the Philippines, and the Philippine Retreaders Association agreed to facilitate recovery of used tires for the effective management of the waste material which would include their recycling, re-use, and environmentally sound disposal. In terms of plastics and plastic packaging, the Polystyrene Packaging Council of the Philippines coordinated with several malls and industrial parks, to recover polystyrene wastes which resulted to the recovery of about 8,000 cu. m. of said plastics in 2003. An Agreement was made between the council and the Department of Science and Technology to design melting kettles for potential recyclers to convert polystyrene into other form of materials. To spread environmental awareness, particularly on solid waste management concerns, the DENR, together with the Eco-Waste Coalition signed an agreement for the establishment of the Ecological Solid Waste Pavilion. It is a national center for meetings, congregations, trainings, educational purposes particularly for showcasing effective, innovative and creative SWM procedures, techniques and activities. The DENR is vigilant in its quest to manage solid wastes in the Philippines. The government is bent on empowering the municipalities to address their own garbage issues. We are all parts which make up a whole in each municipality. Together, let us put a stop to the thirty years of garbage problem we have stumbled upon. We have more than enough.

Igor Stravinsky Essays - Igor Stravinsky, Free Essays, Term Papers

Igor Stravinsky Essays - Igor Stravinsky, Free Essays, Term Papers Igor Stravinsky As a composer, Igor Stravinsky knew many conductors. Later, he wrote an essay about them. What could he write about them? What would your typical composer have to say about conductors? Surprisingly, when Stravinsky wrote about conductors he became very critical. Sarcasm and mockery permeate throughout the passage when he discusses them. Stravinsky uses a few schemes to convince his reader of the conductor's insignificance. First, the language Stravinsky uses in his passage is very caustic. In a few places, he goes beyond his arguments into simple denunciations and attacks on the conductors. "The conductor is encouraged to impose a purely egotistical, false, and arbitrary authority, and that he is accorded a position out of all proportion to his real value in the musical, as opposed to the music-business, community," he says in one of such places. It is obvious that Stravinsky holds a personal grudge against the conductors; being a musician, he must have come across them many times. He says, "conducting, like politics, rarely attracts original minds." Stravinsky uses the word "original" in a different way than it is normally used. In English, "original" means first, or new. In Russian, however, to call a person original means to say that he is smart, that he comes with resourceful ideas. Since Stravinsky was Russian, that is what he probably meant. Therefore in his first sentence, Stravinsky say! s that, more or less, almost all conductors are stupid. The whole passage is more of an insult to all conductors, rather than an informative text. Secondly, Stravinsky uses comparisons to politicians in order condemn the conductors. "Conducting, like politics, rarely attracts original minds ? His [the conductor's] first skill has to be power politics," he says in the first paragraph. Politicians are always thought to be corrupt, dishonest, and insidious. In fact, politician is a word that is always associated with something evil. This method of attacking is effective, though primitive; there is a bit of politics in practically every job. Furthermore, Stravinsky fails to note exactly how a conductor is similar to a politician, apart from saying that conducting, like politics, is not a profession for the exact and standardized disciplines. In another quote, he compares the effect of the public on the conductor's ego to the effect the sun has on a tropical weed. Again, this is based more on emotion than cold logic; yet, it manages to convince the reader that conducting is not a profession to be admired. It is clear that St! ravinsky is not appealing to the logic of the reader, but to his emotions. Another strategy Stravinsky uses is sarcasm. He shows a quote naming a conductor to be a "titan of the podium, and is such very nearly the worst obstacle to genuine music making." Furthermore, he names the conductors to be "great," and he discusses the "cult of the great conductor." These names, as opposed to his entire passage, are ironic. After spending an entire passage criticizing conductors and their socalled "greatness," praising them seems satiric. As we have seen from his language and comparisons, it is part of Stravinsky's strategy to undermine the conductors in any way he can, and sarcasm fits well into his plan. The sarcasm is an effective way of criticizing the conductors: Stravinsky even finishes the essay with it in his last sentence "If you are unable to listen to the music, you watch the corybantics, and if you are able, you had better not go to the concert." Most of Stravinsky's argument is based on the fact that people mistake the conductors gestures for the meaning of the music, and place more emphasis on the conductors looks rather than the way he makes music sound. This makes the people think the conductor is "great" while the conductor is actually unfit for his role. This is part of a human tendency to "judge a book by its cover," to formulate an opinion based on what something appears to be, while a closer examination may reveal something different.

Enterpreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enterpreneurship - Essay Example It is evident that e-mail, the notable contribution of information technology provides users with a simple and inexpensive way of communication. Over the last decade, more high-tech communication facilities have been developed including voice over internet protocol telephones and smartphones, which allow personnel to communicate through live chat systems. Likewise, data management is another important role of information technology in modern organizations. As MacKechnie points out, many of the companies nowadays deploy digital versions of documents on storage devices in order to get rid of the troubles associated with bookkeeping. This system promotes easier and immediate access of data in a multinational corporation regardless of its geographical locations. In addition, the IT plays a notable role in managing the inventory levels of an organization. Since purchase, production, and distribution processes of a firm are connected by a computer system, it is possible to maintain effecti ve control over stock and to ensure inventory optimization. According to McAulay, the management Information Systems (MIS) greatly assist companies to accurately trace productivity levels, sales data, and operational expenses. Thus, the information gathered can be effectively employed to analyze profitability, to point out areas of improvement, and finally to increase returns on investment over time. Furthermore, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system is an effective application of information technology that stores every interaction a company makes with its customers. Such a system aids the company to deliver improved services to its customers and thereby to maximize its sales volume. Impact of IT on entrepreneurs and their organizations According to John, since information technology plays a vital role in transferring technology from institute to industry, it greatly assists entrepreneurs by introducing technological changes in management and emphasizing on their relevance in the present environment. John adds that IT sector provides information to all business entrepreneurs without any discrimination (109). This easy accessibility to information has greatly aided entrepreneurs to focus more on their planned venture. In addition, IT also ensures that entrepreneurship is not concentrated in particular area or people. The affordability of information assisted entrepreneurs to bring greater and deeper improvements in their venture. The IT developments enhanced cross border information sharing and this situation greatly aided entrepreneurs across the globe to effectively plan their venture development process. The developments in information technology â€Å"will also bring about access to just-in-time information of business opportunities† (John, 109). The emergence of e-commerce was a milestone in business management that entirely restructured the way organizations provide value to external and internal customers. In short, the rampant developmen ts in IT sector including the introduction of e-commerce were helpful to entrepreneurs to redesign their operations so as to ensure increased customer satisfaction. 2. Differences in Asset Structure Across the global market, today’s economy is considered to be the â€Å"knowledge-based economy†, where the responsibility of creating value lies heavily on the various kinds of assets related to all kinds of knowledge, which is called the intangible

Advocacy and representation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advocacy and representation - Essay Example This research is based upon the manuscript available to selected persons (e.g., social work doctoral program directors, members of various social work Internet Listservs, etc.), and in due course it appeared in the conference proceedingsThis advocacy and representation against domestic violence presented it at two international and one national level and, based on these distribution efforts and feedback, revised it. It was seriously reviewed and turned down.It responded to the reviewers' lengthy suggestions and submitted an amendment which was ultimately established for publication. No doubt it based on the development of social work practice guidelines.Social work education and practice should focus on the latter. This may, or may not, involve theoretically driven research. If theory is legitimately involved, it is great. If it is not, then doctoral students and other researchers should not be forced into pretending that it does. Both approaches are characteristic of science. Both h ave value. At present, theory-driven research exercises are much more highly valued within academic social work than are theoretical studies evaluating outcomes ."A continuum of behaviour ranging from verbal abuse, physical, and sexual assault, to rape and even homicide.The vast majority of such violence, and the most severe and chronic incidents, are perpetrated by men against women and their children." (Department of Health, 2000a: v) As the term 'domestic violence' comprise violence and abuse inside same-sex relationships, violence by women against men and violence and abuse carry out by one family member against another, the spotlight of this research is on violence and abuse by men, against women. It seeks to discover the diversity of factors that collectively build an ever-increasing and severe healthcare necessitate for those being abused inside their intimate relationships. Intimate violence may take many forms, often combining physical, emotional, psychological, sexual and financial abuse. The degree of abuse and violence varies within each partnership, often occurring on a continuum of severity and effect. For some the abuse and violence are periodic with minimal long-term effects. However, countless women are so controlled and inhibited that they are unable to make even the simplest decision or act without permission, responding with complete obedience to every order given and every rule imposed. The violence becomes insidious, permeating every action, every thought and deed until eventually, for some women, suicide remains the only escape. Other women express their self-disgust and powerlessness through alcohol or drug abuse, or self-mutilation, exhibiting signs of severe depression and total dependency on the abuser. Intimate partners may demand and achieve, through physical and emotional violence, complete obedience to every order, using humiliati on as an important strategy in obedience training in their women (Barker, R. L. 1995). If we analyse then we come to know that the domestic violence fuels lots of the nation's bitterly contested throughway care cases. It is an underlying issue in the majority parental abduction cases, which happen at an estimated rate of 203,900 per year. In spite of the role of domestic abuse in throughway care cases, in the past, legislators endorse jurisdictional laws to stop forum-shopping and parental abduction

What Effects Does Age Have On Graduation Rates From Online Based Research Paper

What Effects Does Age Have On Graduation Rates From Online Based College - Research Paper Example Among these has been the introduction of online college programs that is meant to attract those students who would otherwise not have the time to attend classes on a regular basis. The education system of the United States has become so much eroded that it has now become necessary for students to go to college in order to attain the types of jobs that they would like. In earlier years, especially within the first half of the twentieth century, students who went through high school were equipped enough to attain jobs without having to go to college. However, the education standards came to be raised so much that it has now become necessary for students to spend more time in college in order to ensure that they achieve their academic goals. This has created a situation where individuals are barely able to cope with college education especially when it is considered that the students involved have more priorities other than their academics. It is a fact that many of the college students in the country also have to work in order to earn a living while others even have families and this only works towards increasing the pressure on them to be more productive. The latter situation makes it harder and harder for individual students to continue with their education and this has continued to be even worse as they grow older. This is because the older the students are, the more likely that they will develop other commitments in their lives and this may have an influence on the high dropout rates among them. This is perhaps the reason why the college education system needs to be reformed to such an extent that it stops being class based and instead be based on the internet since the latter is a much easier tool to access for many individuals. This will encourage...A review has also been included in this research which supports the above observations. This study is is substantial to meet the requirements of adult students who are less confortable with traditional college b ased education. The American system of education is considered to be the provider of one of the best quality education when compared to other education systems in the world. However, despite this fact, most of those high school graduates who enter college for the purpose of acquiring higher education unfortunately do not make it to graduation and end up becoming college drop-outs. This happens because of the shifting attitudes of the students regarding the courses which are included in their curriculums and their failure to understand the course outline.Study suggests that only 33% of the freshmen who made their entrance in the University of Massachusetts, were able to complete their education within the period of 6 years. Moreover, less than 44% of students from University of Mexico and 41% graduate from the University of Montana made it to their graduation in the required timeframe . One of the most influencial economists in the current era, Mark Schneider considers the high college dropout rate to be one of the reasons causing slow economic development in the country.

Reasoning Behind U.S. Decision to Enter the Korean War Essay Example for Free

Reasoning Behind U.S. Decision to Enter the Korean War Essay Introduction What determined the United States to enter the one of the costliest wars in the twentieth-century is a good topic for foreign policy study. There are several possible explanations as to why the United States participated in the war. The most important explanation is that the western world would be in a greater threat if North Korea won the war. Communist was considered as expansionism by the White House; hence, occupying South Korea might be a move of Communists to expand the Communist territory in the world. To prevent this, the United States needed to deter this possible threat. Another one is the United States is afraid of communist expansion. If North Korea won the war, it might cause countries swinging between Communist and Democratic to become Communist. Moreover, the domestic political situation for the Truman administration at that time was crucial in analyzing why the United States entered the war. These are the most important factors motivating America to enter the war. Despite the profits of the entry in the war, there were some reasons preventing the United States involved in the war. Because North Korea’s invasion was likely backed by the USSR, if the United States failed to handle the situation properly, a World War III might happen; this would lead to huge loss of U.S. personal and substantial financial costs. Other than that, because China borders North Korea and China was another major Communist country, the United States intervention could lead to war with China. In this paper, I would first analyze each major reason individually for entering the war or not intervening. After that, I would put the picture together to explain why the United States eventually chose to participate in the war. Reasons the United States entered the Korean War Fear of Communist Expansion The most important factor that influenced U.S. entry into the Korean War was the USSR’s and other Communist countries’ ambitions to expand. After WWII, the White House had started to consider the Soviet Union as imperialist. The report â€Å"the Truth of Korea† implied that the United States was a free nation and the Soviet Union was intended to build a Soviet empire around the world. By considering the Soviet Union as imperialist, the United States was afraid that if the United States stood aside in the Korean War, Communist countries would take further actions to expand. For instances, China would attack Taiwan, IndoChina would overthrow France and become Communist countries, and the Soviet Union would even build communist regimes in Middle East or West Europe. The worries were likely to become reality unless U.S. intervened. After WWII, the Soviet Union consolidated their power by setting up puppet communist governments in all countries they had liberated, except Yugoslavia. Both force and politics were used to keep East European countries following commands from Moscow. Based on these behaviors of the USSR on other countries, it was reasonable that the United States labeled the Soviet Union as imperialism. Facing a country with desires to control other countries, punishment was a better choice than appeasement according to the deterrence model. If the United States entered the war and secured independence of South Korea, Communist power would be contained. Consequently, when Communist countries were making decisions of territorial expansion, they had to consider the cost and consequence of a war with the United States. Therefore, the intervention could contain Communist power and prevent potential wars from happening. Fear of Bandwagoning The second important reason U.S. entered the Korean War was fear of bandwagoning. It was less important than fear of Communist expansion is because bandwagoning would not directly harm U.S. interests, but would impair the global political leadership of the United States. In the setting of post-World War II, the world was separated as two major political spheres, one Soviet-led and the other U.S.-led. The Korean Peninsula was one of the several places two the major political powers conflicting each other. Other than that, the political landscape in East Asia was towards Communist. In China, the Communist party led by Mao Zedong just won the civil war against Jiang Jieshi’s government supported by the United States. Countries like Vietnam and Laos inclined to join the family of Communist at that time, abd overthrow French colonists. Therefore, if Communist North Korea unified the Korean Peninsula, it would make countries like Vietnam and Laos align with the USSR without hesitati on. The United States was not willing to let that happen. According to historical documents, when the war just started, Truman and his advisors believed that to falter would forfeit world leadership because of bandwagoning and Communist expansion. Moreover, in official reports about Korea situation, concerns about Democratic power weakened if South Korea fell were raised often. In 1948’s report Prospects for Survival of the Republic of Korea,† the result of South Korea lost to North Korea would constitute a severe blow to the prestige and influence of the United States. As a result, the defeat of South Korea would encourage more countries to align with the Soviet Union. The report was before the war, the United States already considered the bandwagoning a severe threat to UN’s influence in the world. From this perspective, in order to maintain the democratic as a stronger power in the world, the United States had strong interests in entering the Korean War. Consolidation for the Truman Administration The domestic political situation for the Truman Administration was not positive before the Korean War. In 1949, the Communists in China won the civil war against the Nationalists backed by the United States. It was painful that White House lost an important country, China, to Communism because the United States had invested tons of resources in the country, but in the end, the United States did not have the expected return. It stirred a debate of â€Å"Who lost China† in the United States. The public was more in favor of McCarthy’s opinion. McCarthyism indicated that losing China to communism was the government’s fault. Based on his analysis of the civil war in China, he believed â€Å"China hands† China specialists at White House plotted Jiang’s defeat, who was the top leader of the Nationalist. Therefore, at the time before the Korean War, the Truman Administration had a lot of pressure from the public due to losing China. If South Korea was def eated by North Korea, the public would strengthen their belief that losing China was a government’s blunder. Hence, losing South Korea would be catastrophic to Truman’s presidency. From the view of domestic political situation, the United States entered the Korean War because the Truman Administration needed to prove its ability in protecting democratic power before losing all trust in the public. This point was less strong than the above two was because it was hard to collect evidence to support the point. Factors preventing the United States from entering the war War with China Entering the Korean War was likely to start a war with China, one of the greatest powers in the world. From the perspective of geography, the Korean Peninsula adjoins China. If a foreign military power of the United States was close to the border of China, China would feel threatened. The worry was validated after the United States joined in the war. On June 27th, 1950, after the Seventh Fleet of the United States was sent to neutralize Formosa, Mao, the chairman of China at that time vowed â€Å"Year after year unsure of when the enemy will attack us. We must repair the house before it rains.† Not a long time after the vow, Mao sent his army to the Korean Peninsula. Moreover, although China just ended its civil war and badly needed time to recover from the war, China was actively looking for a chance to consolidate its status in the world stage. In 1950, most countries in the world only recognized Republic of China led by Jiang and disputed the legitimacy of People’s Republic of China led by Mao. Therefore, Mao was eager to have a war with a strong world power to gain international recognition. The Korean War against the United States was a good opportunity for the communists to show the Mao’s China’s power to the world. For this reason, China was likely to enter the Korean War if U.S. intervened. Regarding the negative results of the war, people in the United States just gained peace; nobody would like to see a war between China and the United States. A war with China would lose many the United States soldiers, breakup thousands of American families and halt U.S. economy growth, hence lowering people’s living standards. Additionally, a war with China was also meaningless because at that time the United States did not want to defeat China, but defend South Korea. The war between China and the United States was predicable if the United States entered the Korean War. A war between China and the United states was undesirable for the reasons listed in this section. Therefore, a war with China was a big factor in not entering the Korean War. Start of World War III The entry into the Korean War might lead to World War III. A possible war with China might drag the Soviet Union into the war. If the Soviet Union entered the war against the United States, the Eastern Europe under control of the Soviet Union would also claim war against the United States. As a result, Western Europe would likely align with the United States to contain the Communist power in the world. People all around the world just tried to recover from the aftermath of World War II. If World War III happened right after World War II, the world would be in chaos again, creating another tragedy in human beings history. The big picture When the benefits outweigh the costs of a decision, one would put that decision into action. The three major benefits Unites States would have from entering the war were preventing domino effect of countries joining in Communist, constraining the ambitions of expansions/ invasions from Communist countries, and securing the domestic administration. The two major costs were an undesirable war with China and a possible start of World War III. It was hard to determine whether the benefits outweighed the costs. However, the listed costs were unavoidable if the United States did nothing in the Korean War. If the United States let South Korea fall, there would still be a war between Communist power and democratic power in the future. As analyzed in the section of fear of Communist expansion, Communist countries led by the Soviet Union inclined to expand their territories if their ambitions were not constrained. Therefore, appeasement to Communist countries was not going to stop them from behaving aggressively. Even though the United States would not participate in the Korean War, finally it was possible to be a day that the Soviet Union would eventually declare a war on the United States for further expansion. The costs would only become more significant than the costs of entering the war at that time. Hence, in order to prevent that from happening, the United States took the initiative to contain Communist power in the world. Additionally, human pride played a factor. Truman might recklessly enter the war in order to secure his status in White House. To him, protecting his reputation and his presidency might be much more important than starting World War III or fighting an undesired war with China. Hence, because of personal emotions, Truman would order the United States to enter the war. Conclusion There are three major reasons encouraging the United States to enter the Korean War. From the perspective of bandwagoning, defending South Korea could win credibility for democracy power and possibly win countries swaying between Communism and Democracy. In the view of the deterrence model, entering the war could constrain the ambition of imperialism of Communism countries. Considering the domestic political condition, intervention in the Korean Peninsula could make the public turn attention to the war instead of the administration’s failure in China and relieve the public pressure from the administration. On the other side, there were two important costs preventing the United States from entering the war. The first cost was an unnecessary war with China. The United States would not benefit directly from fighting against China and U.S. would consume numerous resources and human power in the war. The other cost was starting World War III. The Soviet Union could declare a war on Unites States if the condition in Korea got worse. U.S. decision to entry into the Korea War was made because of two logics. First, the costs were unavoidable if the United States just watched and did nothing in the war. Communist would continue to expand and finally encounter the United States for a war in the future. At that time, the cost would only exaggerate, not minimize. Second, Truman would more likely send U.S. troops to the war field. In order to secure his administration, he needed to turn the public attention away from China and prove his ability in foreign policy. The result of the war was peace between South Korea and North Korea. Judging from the result, U.S. entry into the war had a positive impact on the peninsula. However, whether the peace in the Korean Peninsula could be achieved through other ways at lower cost is worth further discussion.

Labor Supply Responses to Taxes and Transfer Payments Essay -- America

A good understanding of labor supply reactions to tax and transfer policies is necessary for achieving related policy goals. Income support programs intend to alleviate poverty and create a more equitable society. However, the reaction of the labor supply can derail the intended results and need to be carefully evaluated for effective policy. Economic theory suggests that as taxes and transfer payments increase, the amount of hours and/or number of employees will decrease (Borjas 2005). The exception is transfer payments with work requirements, where the labor supply moves in the same direction as benefits. In the labor market, individuals have two basic choices: how many hours to work (intensive), and whether or not to work at all (extensive). If the labor supply has largely intensive reactions, certain types of programs, such as food stamps, are most effective, when EITC type programs are more effective for extensive reactions. Government tax and transfer policies affect the labor supply because when the real wage changes the labor supply reacts. This paper will look at the response of the U.S. labor supply to changes in taxes and transfer payments. It will determine if the response is concentrated towards intensive or extensive margins and observe the direction and magnitude of the changes. Understanding labor supply responses is crucial for governments desiring to reach intended policy goals. Labor market behavior can have significant long run effects on potential output. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the size and quality of the labor force, capital stock, and the efficiency of production, determine a country’s potential output. When policies influence relevant factors, such as the size of the labor force, the... ...e to participate at a paid wage lower than they would typically require. More people working expands the tax base while reducing the amount of transferred income. The government is able to collect more revenue and still provide a guaranteed income level. (Dickert et al.1995; Browning 1995). EITC type programs can help the government achieve its objectives with minimal negative effects to the economy. Not all labor markets have identical sizes or types of responses to government decisions. The direction and magnitude of each response will inform policy makers about optimal decisions. Section II of this paper reviews the empirical literature on tax and transfer policies and the labor market. Section III discusses the methodology. Section IV summarizes the results of this study. Section V presents the conclusion as well as identifies areas for further research.

The Vision of the New World That the Colonists Brought

Early colonist came to American for a variety of reasons, from religious freedom to dreams of getting rich. In this analysis we will look at the vision of two colonies and how the different colony visions led to the colony creation, and the differences between them. The New England community was so strong and so supportive in comparison to that of the settlers in Jamestown, Chesapeake Bay, that it is no wonder they developed into two distinctly different cultures before the year 1700. The Chesapeake region developed into a land of plantations and money-driven owners with a very small middle class, and those in poverty creating the population.New England, on the other hand, had developed into a religion and family based society comprised of mostly middle class families by 1700. Looking at the terrain, government, and the people themselves, reveals clues about how the drastic split in society came to be. While residing in England, the Puritans and faithful Catholics faced persecution, which led to their immigration to the New World. Many groups and parishes applied for charters to America and, led by their priest, the Pilgrims and Puritans made the long voyage to North America. Their religion became a unique element in the New England colonies by 1700.Before landing, the groups settled on agreements, signing laws and pacts to ensure a community effort towards survival when they came to shore, and while settling in New England. Their strong sense of community and faith in God led them to develop a hardworking society by year 1700. Their towns were well organized, with the church being the basis of everyone's daily life, and they wanted to establish equality and have everyone working together in harmony. Family was an important part of the Puritan religion, so their ships came with twenty-two men and twenty-one women, so there was stability.They learned useful farming techniques from the Native Americans, and farming was their prime source of the economy. The Purit an work ethic kept people from working for extreme material gain. The Puritans were hard workers who had goal for a religiously purified town. Not everyone in England was facing harsh persecution and many travelers came to the New World with high hopes of fame and gold, which led to numerous conflicts. It was a land for the rich to get richer. The people that were assigned to the ships destined for Jamestown (Chesapeake Region) came without their families and their ages ranged from old to young, but mainly oung men. The men outnumbered the women six to one. This caused the society to be more chaotic because there were many broken families and a mad rush for the few women. The settlers in the Chesapeake region main goal were to get rich, or to gain new land and find gold. According to John Smith, all the people could do was live for gold; it was their only purpose. The Chesapeake Bay settlers had to endure the harshness of their new environment. The climate was not favorable and near ly half of the people died because of exposure to diseases or starvation.Those that were lucky and survived these hardships were left to fight with the local Indians. Dis-organized and unable to find mountains of gold, large tobacco plantations were started and farming was taken up by the settlers. These business men were not use to being agricultural farmers. This was why things were so difficult before John Smith took lead of the colony with his â€Å"You don’t work, you don’t eat† mentality. People were not accustomed to hard work and physical labor, and the colony was dying slow. As a result of the hardships the first importation of slavery began in the colonies.At first indentured servants were being used to work the fields, but they were far less exploited than the slaves. Indentured servants worked for the person who paid their way to the Colony until the depths were paid off, but soon their services were less useful and slaves were being imported in mass ive numbers. The colonial planters were making money and gaining large profits off of free labor. The development of the two cultures may also have been the result of the terrain the groups occupied. In the Chesapeake region, the colonists settled on swampy marshland that was hard to defend and even more difficult to survive in.With so many people dying from disease and starvation, and the extreme shortage of marriageable women, the population grew slowly, if at all. Families were more groups of mangy children half related, from different fathers. Frequent death made unnatural family life a common thing. In the New England colonies, the people chose flat, manageable ground that left them with easy to plow fields. The soil and religious beliefs were ideal for subsistence farming, which meant small, manageable farms that would provide for a family of eight to ten. Since the farmers looked only to feed themselves, there was little, if any, need for extra abor; having most, if not all, workers available inside their own family. The moderate climate made disease a rarity in the colony, and death even more so. The balanced family life and food supply meant more able-minded colonists. Society had a patriarchal structure of man before woman and woman before child. Children themselves skipped over a childhood and were treated as adults at a very early age. They were expected to obey their parents and keep faith in the church. All these elements together led to Northern prosperity and growth. The land itself was important, more so was how it became used for profit.This â€Å"land is money† belief was a unique attribute of the region by 1700. The motive for profit also helped to develop society in the Chesapeake region. The Chesapeake men discovered tobacco and began a fierce production of it from their plantations. Since tobacco depleted the soil rapidly, new land was always a must. To acquire this land, wealthy owners paid for servants to be brought over and wor k the fields. Each was given a land grant of fifty acres, which was not worth all that much. However, the men were bringing over ten, twenty, maybe even thirty servants to work in the tobacco fields.Thirty men at fifty acres a piece add up to a lot of land, so the land owners started to bring in slavery and more black people to work their fields. Instead of growing tobacco, New England farmers were most likely to produce barley or corn, which helped them stay well fed during long winter months. They were more concerned with the survival of their families than the profit they could make from the rich soil, so the food was not sold for a profit. Rather, the colony became self-supporting in the issue of food. With food taken care of, the New England colonies were left to import stoves, tea, and spices, among other things.Since they only needed to grow food to support their own family as subsistence farmers, New England farmers rarely had any more than their original acreage. This creat ed a more equal reality for all owners, comfortable or struggling. The differences between the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies led to separate societies by the time of the 1700's. Agriculture, motive, people, religion, and terrain are all factors that affected how they grew apart. However, it is also through the actions of the men and woman who settled in the regions, and the choices they made, that led to the development of these two colonies.