Narrative on Culture

Culture Crossing Do you ever look at a complete stranger and immediately categorize that person? I will be the first to admit that I have done so more than I would care to acknowledge. I was definitely raised to look down upon people, especially the Jewish, in spite of what my parents will tell you. Although I was never actually told not to like or associate with a Jewish person, the adults in my family made it known that it was unacceptable by saying unpleasant things about them. I heard the jewish would come to nice neighborhoods, take them over, and ruin them.I also heard that they killed Jesus. It was inevitable that I too would see Jewish people as inferior to me. With all the bad things I heard, it only seemed natural. I thought Jewish people were arrogant, greedy, conniving, and uneducated. I thought they should leave our country because their religion and cultural beliefs were un-American. From the time I was a little girl through my early twenties I looked down upon Jewish p eople until I met Joel one day while I was working. It was a typical Friday at the Department of Motor Vehicles.It was fifteen minutes until closing time and the place was packed. I was about to call my next customer when a short man dressed in black and white from head to toe with long chin-brushing curls as sideburns wearing a black hat approached my window. He was a Hasidic Jew and I was not happy. I acknowledged him. â€Å"Yes? † â€Å"Are you going to call this ticket number? † â€Å"Nope. Have a seat,† I said annoyed. â€Å"I'm sorry to have bothered you. † As he was sitting back down I noticed the ticket number he had in his hands. It was a dealer ticket. We stop calling dealers at 4:30 p. m because it's time consuming.I was contemplating if I was going to tell him this or let him find out the hard way. There was a big sign by the ticket machine that clearly states that we don't accept dealer paperwork after 4:30 p. m. Some of my coworkers noticed him and started making fun of his clothes, yiddish accent and, stupidity for not reading the sign. Although I tended to agree with them, I decided to be nice and help this man because I was sick and tired of hearing my coworkers ridiculing him. He was, after all, in hearing distance. I motioned the Hasidic man up to my window with my index finger. Sir, I normally would not help you because we don't accept dealers after 4:30 p. m but, I see you only have one deal so I will help you just this one time. † He smiled from ear to ear and thanked me. I knew from experience that Hasidic men are not allowed to touch an object at the same time as someone from the opposite sex so, I was very surprised when he handed me the papers through the bars rather than sliding them underneath the window barrier. I didn't know what to do. Should I let the papers fall to the desk? I did not want to be impolite so I took the papers from him.After looking at his papers I soon realized that I would be u nable to process the transaction and I delivered the bad news to him. Expecting the worst, I was ready for the hostile reply I usually get from anyone I give unpleasant news to. Instead, he was polite and humble. He thanked me over and over for taking him. I was pleasantly surprised and smiled. I told him the additional papers he needed and even wished him a good evening. He was walking away when he turned and asked, â€Å"What is your name? † â€Å"Ann† I suspiciously replied. â€Å"My name is Joel. Have a great weekend Ann!I will see you first thing on Monday,† he said cheerfully as he walked towards the door. I wondered what was wrong with him. I had never came across a Hasidic man like him. As the metal gates lifted to the D. M. V entrance Monday morning, I noticed Joel was the first in line. He waved. Oh, geez. That was weird. My coworkers took notice of him and started to tease me. â€Å"Look, there's Annie's special friend,† said one. â€Å"Annie' s curly locks is here,† snorted another. I chose to ignore their snide remarks and called him up to my window. â€Å"Good Morning Ann! How was your weekend? † Joel asked.He placed a small tin of cookies on the counter. â€Å"These are for you. They are from my brother's bakery in Brooklyn,† he joyfully said as he slid the tin underneath the window bars. I told him that I couldn't accept them and thanked him. â€Å"You have kids? Yes? Please take them home to your children then,† he insisted. I took the cookies and hid them in my desk draw. â€Å"Thank you Joel, that was very kind of you. My children will love the cookies. † I hoped no one noticed the exchange. I did not want to be teased my coworkers. While editing and processing his paperwork, Joel started telling me jokes.They were funny but I didn't dare laugh because they were about the Jewish. â€Å"Not all Hasidic's are extremists, Ann,† he laughed. I didn't know how to respond. I never met a Hasidic man that was as friendly and talkative as Joel. I wondered if he was from Kiryas Joel, the village within the town of Monroe where it's residents strictly observe the Torah and its commandments. If he is, I'm thinking he shouldn't be talking to me like this. Hasidic men are proscribed from associating with woman who are not their wives or relatives. What if another Hasidic witnessed him talking to me? Joel, do you live in Kiryas Joel? † I shyly asked. â€Å"Yes, I do. Why do you ask? † â€Å"Um, can't you get in trouble for talking to me? † I had a hard time getting the words out. I was embarrassed. â€Å"I have many rules but it doesn't mean that I follow them to a T? † I was intrigued. I knew little about Hasidism. I determined this would be an excellent opportunity to learn. â€Å"Would you mind if I asked you questions about your religion? † I quietly asked. Joel gave me permission to ask him anything. As time went on, I called hi m right up to my window.None of my coworkers wanted to help him anyway and, I looked forward to our conversations. I asked him questions about everything from having sex through a hole in the sheet to having a holiday that they are ordered to get drunk. Joel eagerly shared his experiences in detail leaving nothing out. He explained holidays, the importance of tradition, and beliefs. I learned the life of a Hasidic from birth through marriage. Joel educated me on why they dress all in black, what kind of education they receive, gender roles, acceptable entertainment, and any other aspect that I thought to ask him about.He explained the discipline involved to abstain mainstream American culture. When he spoke about his arranged marriage, I began to understand and respect the idea behind it. It did seem safer in the big picture because partners were picked that were good for a lifetime not short infatuations. I was amazed how open-minded I was becoming. I had gained respect for his rel igion and became quite fond of Joel. I saw him as a whole person rather than the Hasidic Jew I once seen. My religious and cultural upbringing fostered my ignorance.I grew up feeling superior to people outside my culture and religion because I simply didn't know any better. Meeting Joel changed my view on culture and religion. Through sharing his traditions and beliefs, I realized that other cultures interact differently and it's often misconceived as rudeness, anger and, foolishness. Getting to know Joel made me see that our cultural and religious beliefs didn't make us any less or any more of a person. Based on our common humanity, I learned to respect cultural and religious diversity.

How did group skills contribute to the development of the drama Essay

We approached our initial research by deciding on the path we were taking for our piece and examining what would be the best to topics to research i. e. the Wall Street Crash, the credit crunch, primitive civilisations, survival techniques etc. and then distributing these sections to members of the group to individually research. Every member of the group did their own research on everyone of these subjects so we all knew and understood every topic and to get an overview of what we were taking, which would help with our portrayal of the themes within our material. We executed this by discussing what we had found in our research and comparing it with the other members of the group. We then picked the most relevant points from our discussions and integrated them into our material. We all researched different aspects of the stimulus during our brain storming sessions, drawing from what we knew about the image and then exploring it independently. Ideas were developed collectively, individuals would put forward their ideas for the piece (which were often the same as other members of the group) which were then discussed and collectively performed and then modified, depending on their relevance and cohesiveness with the rest of the piece. However input seemed to keep coming from the same people all the time, so we had to extend and force particular members of the group to share their individual thoughts about our ideas. The majority of the devising work was worked on as a collective, although some individuals could have been more involved with the process, but we all wanted to make sure that everyone agreed on the direction we were taking the piece and aspects of the scene. Our piece was a mixture between ensemble and individual based. For the wise man scene there was a section in which we all had to act out the story of the crash moving into images of everyday occurrences surrounding work, partying and resting. To make sure that we were all together for these transitions we practised them over and over again often having to compromise our actions to make them run smoothly into one another. Throughout we all decided that if we were ever stationary or had to focus on a particular spot we would all stare at the same horizontal bar above the audience in our theatre. For our scene in the company we all had to hold boards and walk in an oval always facing the audience, this took place behind the protagonist to give the illusion that he was running down a corridor. For this we to work we had to be organised and efficient, first of all we had to make sure that there were three boards at the front at all time meaning we all had to walk at the same pace, we also had to carry the boards at roughly the same height, this was quite difficult to achieve so we did as best we could by holding them at arms height. We didn’t focus on the bar for this scene until we had become stationary; this was so we could focus on the movement of the circle and its relationship to the speed that the protagonist was walking at. To achieve this shared physical look we practised over and over again, extracting one of the members of the group to see if it looked good enough. Through trial and error we managed to obtain the same physical relationship between one another. Characters were, most of the time, created individually however when needed we helped people who were struggling with their character profile or decided that a character should be different to how they were being portrayed. Most of us put forward suggestions towards certain members’ character development anyway as a suggestion if we felt that they weren’t doing enough to explore and exploit their potential. This happened a lot in the War scene as we had to create contrasting and analogous characters within the separate groups and, as it was one of our best scenes, we wanted everyone to be heard and seen. I contributed a lot to the development of a movement piece, I took a piece of music called ‘Clubbed to Death’ from the Matrix and listened to it, noted where the distinguishing sections were and began to create a piece of movement to go with it. This was when we were using one of our original plot lines so it wasn’t used in the final performance but one or two of the ideas were used in certain areas of the play. It was originally showing the downfall of the company and the death of the protagonist, I wanted to use the boards a lot, making members of the chorus use them as shields, slamming them down and pushing them along the floor with two gargoyles on the tower of Babel (a piece of staging we were using at the time) the company’s opponents are throwing spears then slowly through the piece the gargoyles break themselves away from the tower to kill their attackers. They achieve this by touching their attackers heads, this all happens in the middle section of the music which is quieter and more sinister. After the gargoyles make contact with the attackers heads I made them writhe as if they were being electrocuted, all the while the protagonist reaches the top of the tower and flings paper out into the audience, however a spear hits him and he dies as do the gargoyles as soon as the papers are thrown into air they begin to crumple and then collapse. I really enjoyed choreographing this piece of movement but, unfortunately by this point, we had already changed our plot, which rendered it useless. I also provided a lot of the sounds like the track during the rape scene (â€Å"The Piano Duet† from Corpse Bride) and in the final scene (â€Å"My Dearest Friend† by Devendra Banhart) All the, concepts and situations were created amongst the group. Our group is extremely diverse both in personalities and in ability, overall we have some very good actors and we all get on wonderfully and made a good team, however there are members of the group that are weaker than others, one in particular who barely gave any ideas or thoughts to the process. Their silence happened so often that we had to question her constantly about her views on everything just to know what her reaction was to the content we were producing or the direction we were heading in. This proved very tedious also because she took no initiative into developing her character and when given suggestions by the other members of the group she listened to them but didn’t seem to put any of these ideas into practise. We coached her as much as we could and managed to get a decent performance out of her for the final performance. On a completely different note there was tension between two girls in our group but they moved passed these differences and worked with each other as best they could, the tension lessened over the weeks with a few hiccoughs but the managed to work together as a team planning props in the few weeks before the performance. Moment were the group worked well together Why it was important During the development of the War Scene after the group had been separated into two to create material, we worked together to find a ways to cut between the separate scenes to make a seamless and amusing scene. It strengthened our group dynamic, the girls being on one side bar one and the boys on the other, this allowed us to relax with each other and improvise things that we found amusing. Most of the members of the girls group were fans of Monty Python, French and Saunders and Black Adder, which we all seemed to agree, had the right kind of comedy that we wanted to integrate in our section. It helped us understand each other’s sense of humour and our acting dynamic. After this scene it was clear that we were on the same page regarding material that we’d produced prior to this exercise. Sitting opposite the group of boys was good too as they are very funny people, it helped us to improve our scene, in comparison with theirs, but still carry on the path of humour we’d been following. Rehearsing the Company scene where every member of the chorus has a board and we created a movement piece using them together. This was important for the group as it allowed us to work as a collective rather than individuals, we were all concerned about this piece and wanted to create a slick, focussed piece of physical theatre. Through rigorous rehearsal we managed to pin point exactly what was needed and achieved a focus that, with the music, made a punchy start to the beginning of the company scene. We had to bang our boards down at exactly the same time cueing the music, to do this we all agreed to focus on the person who was most visible to everyone, which happened to be me, and we managed to do this perfectly every time in the last few weeks of rehearsal right through the performance. Moment were the group didn’t work well Why? What did we learn from this At the beginning of the Wise man scene the chorus plays ‘freaks’ who follow the wise man, there wasn’t enough group development on these characters during rehearsals. Everyone was concerned about the content of the scene, which provided some brilliant freaks, but we didn’t think how it would perceived by an audience and as a whole, we left this to the last minute, which meant they could’ve been even greater. That we need to face everything head on, leaving things to the last minute on one of the biggest scenes of play, especially the start of it, even though we did a lot of discussing in eagerness to push on we sometimes miss little things that could be rectified and turn a piece of action that hasn’t been through into something clear and concise that stands by itself. A character that, if taken out of the scene, could stand by themselves and have a background giving more depth to the madness. At the beginning of the process when we seemed to keep brainstorming and discussing things rather than being spurred into action and, if we did create something that was bad suggestion in the first place, we didn’t question we went along with it. We were more concerned about not getting into an argument that we didn’t tell one another if we thought an idea wasn’t good, instead we suggested more ideas. That sometimes you have to tell people if an idea won’t work and don’t get worried if someone’s annoyed at you, it is better to create a good piece of drama that can lead you in a great direction after having a falling out than coming up with a rubbish idea that doesn’t hold together as a piece of theatre. We all did our bit to collaborate on design ideas this was so we could perform with the set, lighting and music that we all wanted so that we could perform in an ideal space that the group collectively designed. There was a big difference between group skills in rehearsal to performance, in rehearsal we were a lot more calm about everything and kept a very relaxed group dynamic but, only as it came to the dress and tech rehearsals did we start buckling down and making sure everyone’s focus was impeccable and that we were all doing this for each other, to stand as a collective rather than individuals as this was the only way our marks would be better.

Crisis Communication in oil & gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Crisis Communication in oil & gas - Essay Example 3.The main focus of the company at this stage needs to be to incorporate a crisis communication department into their system. The Director General will head the department. It will include a Manager of communication, with supporting junior staff. There will be a spokesperson, who will directly report to the Director General but will work in collaboration with Manager of communication. The other directorates will access the communication department through the Manager. 20 Crises are inevitable realities in business organisations for which the organisation management must learn to prepare. This research paper discusses the role of public relations units, with a specific focus on the oil and gas industry which plays a crucial role in the economic development of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Traditionally, most organisations use public relations at the forefront to control, manage and minimise the damage of crises to their business operations. Previous crises such as the BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill in 2010 and the Exxon oil spill of 1989 have demonstrated that Oil and Gas companies are not always transparent and they often experience great communication difficulties when crises occur. This study examines the significance of public relations activities in crisis management in the Oil & Gas industry in general and in the UAE in particular. It reviews four major Oil & Gas operators in the UAE that have faced crises recently. Those companies engage over 3000 employees, excluding contractors, and operate in more than 20 fields across the country. Using structured interviews and data analysis this study research discusses their crisis management philosophy, their systems and procedures, and how these are communicated and makes recommendations for improvements. According to the Webster New Collegiate Dictionary, a crisis is defined as ‘an unstable or crucial state or state of affairs whose outcome will make a decisive

Tesco clubcard Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Tesco clubcard - Assignment Example The main focus of the paper upon which conclusions have been made is the case study of Tesco Clubcard system that is entirely database driven. An introduction to the activities of Tesco has been given first to help understand where the database system comes in handy. Their various operations have been deeply analyzed to attempt to prove how their Clubcard has been key to their success, a technology built upon a database. In conclusion, the enviable long time success of Tesco has been found to have been greatly derived from the collection, storage and eventual analysis of this data about customers. The data stored has been a tool with which Tesco has realized staggering profits both locally and internationally. Although the paper acknowledges that there are few downsides to the use of databases it strongly concludes that due to the predominant benefits that Tesco has realized from use of Clubcard, databases are invaluable tools with immeasurable economic significance. Many will agree that we live in a society that is hungry for information aka the information era. In this era, the need to access information cannot be divorced from the daily operations of any business be it a manufacturing or service delivery based business. Storage of information about goods produced, supplied, ordered among much more information is of utmost significance to manufactures and so is the need to store data about customers and market trends to service delivery businesses. During the agrarian and industrial ages, information and data storage relied on files of written papers which served as records for future reference. Today, technology has changed this and data can be stored electronically on disks and later be easily accessed whenever need arise. Advancements in technology that have seen the growth of the internet where information can be shared from remote locations have driven

What is meant by the phrase classical contract law To what extent are Essay

What is meant by the phrase classical contract law To what extent are such ideas still relevant in contemporary contractual relations - Essay Example This ranges from the independence of contracts to the bargaining powers through to the formal elements of contracts. We do this examination by looking at various debates and dominant ideas and conceptions as they play out in academia and in practice. The inherent advantage of using the classical model to analyse contracts is one that cannot be overlooked. This is because it makes it easier and more convenient to define the parties of contracts and their expectations. This promotes justice. However, the whole idea has been challenged through the dynamism of the post-world war society. This has led to some important modifications and this is what the paper seeks to examine in-depth through the proposed objectives. The balance between the traditionalist and modern positions on the subject are brought to bear in this paper. Holmes states that law uses deductive systems through which logic can be induced and applied to examine things in a fair manner1. In other words the science of law in itself requires the establishment of frameworks and parameters within which issues and matters can be evaluated justly and deductions made. This is the essence of law. This idea is described as the axiomatic of law by Eisenberg. The classical school of thought used the principle logic and deduction to draw frameworks for different branches of law2. This way, they played a crucial role in setting up a system of justice which ensured that cases were separated into the most appropriate classes and dealt with according to the right principles and the application of correct jurisprudence. Classical contract law developed between the mid-19th Century through to the first part of the 20th Century3. It laid down a framework which defined an airtight genre known as contract law which was strictly adhered to in that era during cases involving contract. Classical Contract Law contained three main elements:

Extraction of Metals from their Ores Worksheet Coursework

Extraction of Metals from their Ores Worksheet - Coursework Example an alloy with lead called solder/ it was used back in the Bronze Age to make alloys/ it is malleable, ductile and becomes a superconductor at low temperatures It is used in plumbing and to make electrical wires/it was used even in prehistoric times and was later used to make brass/Very good conductor of electricity, malleable, resistant to corrosion and very unreactive. It is used mainly for jewellery and decorative purposes, and also for electrical contacts and electroplating/Used in Ancient civilizations especially Egypt for jewellery and ornaments/it is highly unreactive, malleable and ductile. These elements are strong non-metals and are unstable in their elemental state and they can form stable compounds when reacted with the more reactive metals. Furthermore the reactions that form these compounds are exothermic hence they are favoured and oxygen and sulphur are commonly bonded to metals in their ores. 4. Referring to the table of reactivity for metals on page 231 of your text book, can you see any relationship between the reactivity of the metals and their date of discovery? Describe any relationship you can see. There is a relationship between the reactivity of elements and their date of discovery; the more reactive elements were discovered later, around the 18th and 19th century, whereas the less reactive elements were discovered at the latest by 1000 BC. More reactive elements such as potassium to magnesium were discovered around the early 19th century, while less reactive elements, starting from zinc to silver were discovered from 1000 BC dating back to as much as 9000 BC. Method 1: React the metals with cold water, warm water and/or hot water and note the reaction that follows. More reactive metals will react easily with cold water, less reactive metals with react less vigorously with warm water whereas the metals with very low reactivity will not react even with hot water. Method 2: React the metals with dilute hydrochloric acid. The metals that

Current threats to UK Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Current threats to UK Security - Essay Example (Chalk & Rosenau, 2004) On the British mainland, the police were responsible for all intelligence operations against Irish Republican terrorism work through the Special Branch (SB) of the Metropolitan Police Service. However, a series of high-profile terrorist incidents in London in the early 1990s, including a mortar attack on Number 10 Downing Street, prompted the British government in 1992 to take appropriate actions against terror by giving the Security Service lead responsibility for all intelligence gathering related to Irish extremism. Britain was then followed by significant terror attacks from 1988, when the country suffered with the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie. The terrorists found to be two Libyan agents. When British counter-terrorism efforts were busy concentrating on the IRA's bombing campaign, Britain was again confronted to the terror attacks, which resulted in the outcome of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. At last it was clear to the UK's intelligence agencies and military police that London is being continuously used as the grounds for terrorism attacks for individuals that promote, organise and fund terrorism. It was found that such individuals belonged from Middle East and related nations. Britain at that time was either over confident of the national security or may be it did not consider the terror attacks and International terrorism due to which it made a mistake of ignoring threats from Al-Qaeda. Even the 9/11 attacks remain unable to gain attention of the British intelligence community. But the suicide terror attacks after 9/11 in London, made the forces realise to take appropriate considerations against terrorism. Today Al-Qaeda is considered to be the most dangerous form of terrorist threat not only in Britain but also to the whole International system. Among the most traditional terrorist groups formed, Al-Qaeda is the most modernized form of terror as its aim is to promote mass killing through every possible means. It is considered to be the most perilous of all the groups because it plans and implements those plans beyond killing. 'Brainwashing' is its most significant characteristic, which leads to suicide bombing. It plays with the morals of the young generation thereby convincing and brainwashing them with the advantages of suicide bombings. The UK is confronted towards the risky situation of threat due to some reasons. First it is the closest ally of the United States, which is the most precarious enemy of Al-Qaeda. It has deployed armed forces in the military campaigns to bring down the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and Iraq, and has played a leading role in the cooperation against Al-Qaeda. (Gregory Frank & Wilkinson Paul). Al-Qaeda has not stopped sending threatening messages to the UK, which are to some extent still ignored by the military forces. The extremists have succeeded in taking advantage of the current circumstances where they assume UK to be an easy meal for them as they are very well aware that their deployment within the UK territory is not a big deal and in particular circumstances where there is a new threat of 'suicide bombers', it is a lot more easier for them to harass

Major Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words - 1

Major Assignment - Research Paper Example In area, Chile is slightly bigger than Texas or France and it is 756,946 sq.km long and lies on the 380 latitude and its southernmost tip where Horn Island is situated where there is a cape which is lying on the 560. Hence, some part of the Chile lies inside the tropics and this region is the nearest continental land on the planet to the snowy expanse of Antarctica. Chile claims the ownership for these region. Hence, there is a large variation in latitude from north to south, there has been great dissimilarities in climate. Valley, oasis, arid deserts, rain-forests, tranquil green pastures, icy glaciers, mountain-framed lakes and rocky archipelagos are natural beauties that adorn Chile. Along the lines of latitude, Chile’s geographical division can be identified as forest Chile, desert Chile and Mediterranean Chile (Collier & Sater 2004: xix). Chile lies on the south-west of Pacific coast of South America. The whole nation is comprised of a thin strip of land protruding North-South. It has a maximum breadth of 420 kms which has around 2,006,096 sq.km of which only 756,626 sq.km are considered to be continental whereas the balance area is comprised of the Chilean Antarctic. Chile is a small nation situated in the Southern South America bordered by the South Pacific Ocean lying between Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. Its geographic coordinates are 710 W & 300 W. Chile has a total continental area of 756,626 sq.km out of which about 12,290 sq. km is occupied by the water and 743,812 sq.km is filled by the terrestrial. Chile owns two islands namely Isla Salary Gomez and Easter Island. It shares largest land boundary of 6339 kms with Argentina (5308 km) and Bolivia (860) and smaller portion with Peru (171 km). It shares a long coastal line of 6345 km. As per 2011 statistics, Chile has an arable land of 1.74%, it is developing permanent crops just only in 0.06% and other

What are Human Rights Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What are Human Rights - Assignment Example All these documents led to the creation of all modern day human rights documents. Many of them have been converted to modern-day policies and human rights documents in varied segments of social, religious, economic and political sections (Baylis, Smith and Owens, 2010). However, the impending issue to date is the problem of deprivation. These legal documents are meant to help the oppressed across different sections of the society to resort to means of emancipation. Despite its long history, the field of Human Rights needs to effectively perform to improve human lives. Human Rights were born after the World War II, with the formation of the United Nations (OHCHR, 2015). This led to focus on the individual consciousness as a part of inherent ability to be purportedly universal or self-evident in existence, international legalization and endowments. One of its most important expressions relevant in the present century is the debate and success of human rights as a legal prima for legitimate involvement and ensuring that everyone’s rights are protected (Twiss, 2004). The generation-wise classification was introduced in Karel Vasak in the year 1977. The civil-political (First-generation) human rights pertain to norms related to physical and civil security and civil-political liberties or empowerments (for example, laws relating to slavery, freedom of thought, religion etc). The second category relates to the socio-economic (Second-generation) human rights that again include two subtypes, such as, norms related to the provision of goods for meeting social needs and those  pertaining to meeting the economic needs (for example, laws relating to nutrition, shelter, health-care).  The (Third Generation) collective-developmental human rights include two subtypes, i.e., self-determination of peoples for securing economic, social, and cultural development and some other special rights of ethnic and religious minorities that entitles them to freely practice their own cultures, language, and religion.